Brazil’s economy, once a rising star, now faces a worrying slowdown. The International Monetary Fund says Brazil’s average income per person, adjusted for cost of living, will rank 87th in the world in 2024. By 2030, it could slip to 89th.
In the early 2010s, Brazil ranked 80th. Today, Brazil sits just nine spots above the global midpoint, a gap that will shrink to six by 2030. In the early 2000s, Brazil was 21 places above the middle.
Brazil’s total economy is large, but people’s average income grows slowly. In 1980, the average was $13,700 per person. In 2024, it’s $19,600.
But this rise is much slower than in countries like South Korea, China, and India, which invested more in education and productivity. Brazil’s savings and investment rates are also low.
In 2024, Brazil invested just 17% of its GDP, while China invested 43% and India 32%. This means Brazil struggles to fund its own growth and depends more on outside money.
The country’s workforce is shrinking as the population ages. This makes it harder for the economy to grow. Brazil spends more on education, but problems like high dropout rates and poor results limit the benefits.
Productivity—the amount each worker produces—has barely improved in recent years. Between 1982 and 2024, Brazil’s average yearly income growth was only 1.1%. In the 2000s, growth was better, but it slowed sharply after 2010.
Without major changes in education, investment, and productivity, Brazil risks falling further behind. The country has great resources and potential, but unless it tackles these core problems, most Brazilians will not see real improvements in their daily lives.
