Ecuador Shifts Focus from Chinese Loans to Strategic Mining

China and Ecuador have strengthened their economic ties, focusing on mining and oil projects that benefit both countries. This shift marks a move from China mainly lending money to Ecuador toward direct investments in key industries.

Their leaders will meet in China on June 27, 2025, to discuss further cooperation. Ecuador used to owe China over $8 billion in 2016, but by early 2025, this debt dropped to about $2.6 billion.

This change shows Ecuador is paying back loans while attracting Chinese companies to invest directly in mining and oil. One major project is the Mirador copper mine, which started producing copper in 2019.

Chinese companies invested $1.7 billion to develop this mine, which holds large copper, gold, and silver reserves. It also includes a hydroelectric plant to supply power. The mine is expected to operate for decades, providing jobs and royalties to Ecuador.

Another large mining project, Cascabel, will begin production soon. This project involves an Australian company with strong Chinese investment. Ecuador expects its mining exports to grow significantly, reaching about $1.6 billion in 2025.

In oil, China plays a big role. Over the past decade, Ecuador borrowed billions from China, using future oil shipments as payment. By 2013, China controlled nearly 90% of Ecuador’s oil exports. Chinese companies manage much of this trade, ensuring China’s steady access to oil.

Ecuador and China also agreed in 2022 to restructure $4.4 billion of Ecuador’s debt. This deal reduced Ecuador’s payments by $1.4 billion through 2025, easing financial pressure.

This relationship benefits both sides. Ecuador gains investment and access to new markets, while China secures important natural resources. However, this close partnership raises questions about Ecuador’s independence and long-term control over its resources.

The upcoming meeting between the two presidents will likely focus on expanding these investments and deepening economic cooperation. This partnership shows how countries can work together for mutual benefit while balancing risks and opportunities.