The 5 Congress Members Whose Families Trade the Most Stocks

Lawmakers on both sides of the aisle are facing increasing voter pressure to ban congressional stock trading, a practice that has long given members an ability to profit from their access to market-moving information in closed-door meetings.

Roughly a quarter of legislators on Capitol Hill have traded individual stocks this term, with some buying and selling millions of dollars in shares. Since the start of this term in January 2025, members and their families have collectively traded $160 million to $664 million in individual stocks, according to a New York Times ***ysis of data collected from members’ required financial filings by 2iQ Research, an ***ytics firm.

Members are required to disclose their trades. But instead of declaring precise values, they report their trades in broad ranges, making it difficult to determine with precision how much stock they bought and sold.

A law p***ed in 2012, the STOCK Act, emphasizes that insider trading is illegal among lawmakers, as it is for the general public, and requires them to periodically disclose trades of shares held by them and members of their families. Existing laws do not prohibit lawmakers from trading individual stocks and do little in terms of enforcement. Critics of the system say that creates potential conflicts of interest and leaves open the possibility of members profiting from knowledge about legislation and nonpublic committee briefings.

Over the years, members of both parties have introduced bills cracking down on congressional stock trading, with some proposals more stringent than others. Last month, the House p***ed legislation limiting the ability of members, their spouses and their dependents to trade individual stocks, though it would allow lawmakers to keep the shares they already own and carve out exemptions for trusts and some other ***ets.

Nearly all Democrats opposed the bill after Republicans added an unrelated measure requiring voters to present photo identification in federal elections. Its prospects in the Senate are uncertain.

Here are the five lawmakers who have disclosed the largest individual stock trades made by them and their families, according to the Times ***ysis, based on the maximum dollar amount of their transactions reported since the start of this term on Jan. 3, 2025, through early August.

Representative Ro Khanna, Democrat of California

Mr. Khanna’s family traded shares valued at about $24 million to $147 million, according to the Times ***ysis.

The representative, first elected in 2016, disclosed that his family has traded about 7,200 times this term, the data reported as of Aug. 12 shows.

Mr. Khanna has said that he supported one version of a congressional ban, and that neither he nor his family directly make trades. His office declined to comment for this article but pointed to previous instances in which he has explained that his family’s finances are handled by outside advisers.

“My household’s only investments are held in a diversified trust my in-laws set up before marriage for my wife and children, managed independently by a third-party trustee,” he wrote in a May newsletter.

Under some proposals for stricter trading limits, members and their families would have to divest their blind trusts. The House bill that p***ed in July, which Mr. Khanna voted against, carved out an exemption for them. Most proposals have some exemptions for family trusts.

The former speaker has reported trades of shares valued at nearly $18 million to about $84 million across 17 transactions since the beginning of this congressional session. Paul Pelosi, Ms. Pelosi’s husband and a venture capitalist, owns each of the stocks traded. Two 2025 sales in particular were valued at a combined $10 million to $50 million in Apple stock.

A spokesman for Ms. Pelosi said in a statement that she “does not own any stocks and has no knowledge or subsequent involvement in any transactions.”

The “Pelosi Tracker” app has for years logged Mr. Pelosi’s investments and allowed its users to mimic his trades. Republicans in Congress have long singled out Ms. Pelosi for criticism for her family’s investments.

After initial hesitation, Ms. Pelosi said in recent years that she would support a congressional ban on stock trading. In July, she voted against the partisan House bill.

Representative Michael McCaul, Republican of Texas

Mr. McCaul’s family bought and sold between $28 million and $75 million in individual stocks since January 2025, over the course of more than 1,100 transactions. All individual stock trades disclosed by Mr. McCaul came from his spouse, Linda Mays McCaul, according to the data. Mr. McCaul’s lawyer, Elliot Berke, said in a statement that a third-party manager makes the purchases without Ms. Mays McCaul’s direction.

One of Ms. Mays McCaul’s largest trades occurred last June when she sold between $500,000 and $1 million worth of shares in Nvidia, the California-based chip-making giant.

In July, Mr. McCaul voted in support of the House bill prohibiting the purchase of new individual stocks. Mr. McCaul, elected to the House in 2004, is retiring at the end of his term and is not up for re-election to his Austin-area district.

Representative Jefferson Shreve, Republican of Indiana

Mr. Shreve, a freshman member, traded between $16 million and nearly $42 million worth of shares through about 550 trades in 2025. The office of Mr. Shreve, who had run a company that built storage facilities across the Midwest, said last year that he would stop trading individual stocks. The data shows that neither he nor his family has traded individual stocks since then.

The shift came after a report by the publication NOTUS revealed that Mr. Shreve had made over 100 stock trades worth millions in the days after President Trump imposed sweeping tariffs on imports from many U.S. trading partners. Mr. Shreve’s chief of staff, Jeff Bishop, said on Thursday that trading activity occurred within a trust managed by a third party, which the representative set up to make charitable donations.

Mr. Shreve voted in support of the House’s Republican-led bill banning stock trading.

Senator Alan Armstrong, Republican of Oklahoma

Mr. Armstrong traded about $8 million to $41 million worth of shares across nearly 700 individual trades.

He was appointed to the Senate in March after Markwayne Mullin resigned to become the new homeland security secretary. A former energy executive, Mr. Armstrong made the bulk of his trades during the week he was sworn in, the data shows.

At the time of his appointment, Mr. Armstrong led the board of directors at Williams Companies, a giant natural gas pipeline operator based in Tulsa, Okla. In June, Mr. Armstrong and his spouse sold between $5 million and $25 million in Williams stock, according to a financial filing.

The senator’s office said in a statement on Friday that the trades stemmed from a fund that Mr. Armstrong had no direction over. His spokeswoman noted that Mr. Armstrong had an annual salary of $750,000 before becoming a senator, and is now making a fraction of that.

“The focus should be on the folks that have built wealth while making a salary of $174,000 per year,” his spokeswoman wrote, referring to the allotted compensation for most members of Congress.

Mr. Armstrong will leave the Senate at the end of his term in January.

Andrea Fuller contributed reporting.